Venus indicates a person that is somewhat less outgoing socially than those with a direct moving Venus and one who is less concerned with earning the approval of others by conforming to social norms. There is a tendency to be somewhat more reserved and self-contained as regards relationships, as much of the emotional fulfillment is found within. Nevertheless, Venus retrograde relates to love, and especially self-love; thus relationships can be difficult and there may be some insecurity when pursuing this area, while emotional expression can also be difficult. The challenge provided by Venus retrograde, is the achievement of the ability, and the willingness to give as well as to receive love, even in the presence of past wounds and insecurities; and to learn that one must first love oneself before one can fully love others.